3D Interaction Group

URL: https://research.cs.vt.edu/3di/

Contact: Doug Bowman

3DI stands for "three-dimensional interaction". Our research spans 3D user interfaces, interaction techniques, and applications, especially in the area of Virtual Environments (VE). Interaction in three dimensions is not well-understood, but is crucial to highly interactive VE applications like immersive education, scientific visualization, and immersive design. The mission of our lab is to perform both basic and applied research in three-dimensional (3D) interaction and VE technology, and to develop applications of VEs in a wide variety of domains.
2013
Bowman, D. A., "3D User Interfaces", Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction, 2nd, Aarhus, Denmark, The Interaction Design Foundation, 2013.
Laha, B., D. A. Bowman, and J. D. Schiffbauer, "Validation of the MR Simulation Approach for Evaluating the Effects of Immersion on Visual Analysis of Volume Data", IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 19, issue 4, no. 4, pp. 529 - 538, 04/2013.
Lee, C., G. A. Rincon, G. Meyer, T. Hollerer, and D. A. Bowman, "The Effects of Visual Realism on Search Tasks in Mixed Reality Simulation", IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 19, issue 4, no. 4, pp. 547 - 556, 04/2013.
Setareh, M., F. Bacim, B. D. Jones, N. F. Polys, T. Geng, and B. Orsa, "Integrating Web-based Visualization with Structural System Understanding to Improve the Technical Education of Architects", Journal of Online Engineering Education, vol. 3, no. 2, 2013.
2012
Ragan, E. D., A. Endert, D. A. Bowman, and F. Quek, "How Spatial Layout, Interactivity, and Persistent Visibility Affect Learning with Large Displays", International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, AVI 2012, 2012.
Apostolellis, P., B. Laha, and D. A. Bowman, "A gaming interface using body gestures for collaborative navigation", 2012 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI), Costa Mesa, CA, USA, IEEE, pp. 185 - 186, 03/2012.
McMahan, R. P., D. A. Bowman, D. J. Zielinski, and R. B. Brady, "Evaluating Display Fidelity and Interaction Fidelity in a Virtual Reality Game", IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 18, issue 4, no. 4, pp. 626 - 633, 04/2012.
Laha, B., K. Sensharma, J. D. Schiffbauer, and D. A. Bowman, "Effects of Immersion on Visual Analysis of Volume Data", IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 18, issue 4, no. 4, pp. 597 - 606, 04/2012.
Ragan, E. D., K. Huber, B. Laha, and D. A. Bowman, "The Effects of Navigational Control and Environmental Detail on Learning in 3D Virtual Environments", IEEE Virtual Reality, Costa Mesa, California, pp. 11-14, 03/2012.
Bowman, D. A., R. P. McMahan, and E. D. Ragan, "Questioning naturalism in 3D user interfaces", Communications of the ACM, vol. 55, issue 9, pp. 78-88, 09/2012.
Ragan, E. D., D. A. Bowman, and K. J. Huber, "Supporting cognitive processing with spatial information presentations in virtual environments", Virtual Reality, 2012.
Ragan, E. D., R. Kopper, P. Schuchardt, and D. A. Bowman, "Studying the Effects of Stereo, Head Tracking, and Field of Regard on a Small-Scale Spatial Judgment Task", IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 886-896, 2013, 2012.
Baricevic, D., C. Lee, M. Turk, T. Hollerer, and D. A. Bowman, "A hand-held AR magic lens with user-perspective rendering", 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)2012 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), Atlanta, GA, USA, IEEE, pp. 197 - 206, 2012.
Bowman, D. A., C. A. Stinson, E. D. Ragan, and S. Scerbo, "Evaluating effectiveness in virtual environments with MR simulation", Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation, and Education Conference (I/ITSEC), Orlando, FL, 12/2012.
Wilkes, C., D. Tilden, and D. A. Bowman, "3D User Interfaces Using Tracked Mobile Multi-Touch Devices", Joint Virtual Reality Conference, Madrid, Spain, 2012.
Ragan, E. D., A. Wood, R. P. McMahan, and D. A. Bowman, "Trade-Offs Related to Travel Techniques and Level of Display Fidelity in Virtual Data-Analysis Environments", Joint Virtual Reality Conference, Madrid, Spain, 2012.
2011
Ragan, E. D., A. Endert, D. A. Bowman, and F. Quek, "The effects of spatial layout and view control on cognitive processing", Proceedings of the 2011 annual conference extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems - CHI EA '11, Vancouver, BC, Canada, ACM Press, pp. 2005, 2011.
McMahan, R. P., E. D. Ragan, A. Leal, R. J. Beaton, and D. A. Bowman, "Considerations for the use of commercial video games in controlled experiments", Entertainment Computing, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 3-9, 3/2011.
Polys, N. F., D. A. Bowman, and C. North, "The role of Depth and Gestalt cues in information-rich virtual environments", International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 69, issue 1-2, no. 1-2, pp. 30 - 51, 01/2011.
Ni, T., D. A. Bowman, and C. North, "AirStroke: bringing unistroke text entry to freehand gesture interfaces", Proceedings of the 2011 annual conference on Human factors in computing systems - CHI '11, Vancouver, BC, Canada, ACM Press, pp. 2473, 05/2011.
Kopper, R., F. Bacim, and D. A. Bowman, "Rapid and accurate 3D selection by progressive refinement", 2011 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI), Singapore, Singapore, IEEE, pp. 67 - 74, 03/2011.
Wang, Y., and D. A. Bowman, "Effects of navigation design on Contextualized Video Interfaces", 2011 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI), Singapore, Singapore, IEEE, pp. 27 - 34, 03/2011.
Leal, A., L. Schaefer, D. A. Bowman, and F. Quek, "3D Sketching Using Interactive Fabric for Tangible and Bimanual Input", Graphics Interface, pp. 49-56, 2011.
Ni, T., D. A. Bowman, C. North, and R. P. McMahan, "Design and evaluation of freehand menu selection interfaces using tilt and pinch gestures", International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 69, issue 9, pp. 551 - 562, 8/2011.
2010
Kopper, R., D. A. Bowman, M. G. Silva, and R. P. McMahan, "A human motor behavior model for distal pointing tasks", International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 68, issue 10, no. 10, pp. 603 - 615, 10/2010.
Ragan, E. D., A. Sowndararajan, R. Kopper, and D. A. Bowman, "The Effects of Higher Levels of Immersion on Procedure Memorization Performance and Implications for Educational Virtual Environments", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol. 19, issue 6, no. 6, pp. 527 - 543, 12/2010.
Figueroa, P., Y. Kitamura, S. Kuntz, L. Vanacken, S. Maesen, T. De Weyer, S. Notelaers, J. R. Octavia, A. Beznosyk, K. Coninx, et al., "3DUI 2010 Contest Grand Prize Winners", IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 30, issue 6, no. 6, pp. 86 - 96, c3, 11/2010.
Bacim, F., N. Polys, J. Chen, M. Setareh, J. Li, and L. Ma, "Cognitive scaffolding in Web3D learning systems: a case study for form and structure", 15th International Conference on Web 3D Technology, Los Angeles, California, ACM SIGGRAPH, 07/2010.
2009
Bacim, F., D. Bowman, and M. S. Pinho, "Wayfinding Techniques for MultiScale Virtual Environments", IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces, Lafayette, Louisiana, pp. 67-74, 03/2009. Abstract
Peck, S., C. North, and D. Bowman, "A Multiscale Interaction Technique for Large, High-Resolution Displays", IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces, Lafayette, Louisiana, pp. 31-38, 03/2009.
Bowman, D., A. Sowndararajan, E. Ragan, and R. Kopper, "Higher Levels of Immersion Improve Procedure Memorization Performance", Joint Virtual Reality Conference, Lyon, France, 2009.
Chen, J., D. Bowman, and D. Laidlaw, "Poster: A Hybrid Direct Visual Editing Method for Architectural Massing Study in Virtual Environments", IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces, Lafayette, Louisiana, 2009.
Lee, C., S. Bonebrake, T. Höllerer, and D. Bowman, "A Replication Study Testing the Validity of AR Simulation in VR for Controlled Experiments", IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, Orlando, FL, 2009.
Ventura, J., M. Jang, T. Crain, T. Höllerer, and D. A. Bowman, "Evaluating the Effects of Tracker Reliability and Field of View on a Target Following Task in Augmented Reality", ACM Virtual Reality Software and Technology, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 151-154, 2009.
2008
Wang, Y., D. Bowman, D. Krum, E. Coelho, T. Smith-Jackson, D. Bailey, S. Peck, S. Anand, T. Kennedy, and Y. Abdrazakov, "Effects of Video Placement and Spatial Context Presentation on Path Reconstruction Tasks with Contextualized Videos", appear in IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (Proceedings of IEEE Visualization), 2008.
Wilkes, C., and D. Bowman, "Advantages of Velocity-Based Scaling for Distant 3D Manipulation", Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, 2008.
Sowndararajan, A., R. Wang, and D. Bowman, "Quantifying the Benefits of Immersion for Procedural Training", Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Workshop on Emerging Display Technologies and Immersive Display Technologies, 2008.
Ni, T., R. McMahan, and D. Bowman, "Tech-note: rapMenu: Remote Menu Selection using Freehand Gestural Input", Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces, pp. 55-58, 2008.
Wingrave, C., and D. Bowman, "Tiered Developer-Centric Representations for 3D Interfaces: Concept-Oriented Design in Chasm", Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality, pp. 193-200, 2008.
Bowman, D., S. Coquillart, B. Fröhlich, M. Hirose, Y. Kitamura, K. Kiyokawa, and W. Stürzlinger, "3D User Interfaces: New Directions and Perspectives", IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 20-36, 11/2008.
McMahan, R. P., D. Bowman, S. Schafrik, and M. Karmis, "Virtual Environment Training for Preshift Inspection of Haul Trucks to Improve Mining Safety", First International Future Mining Conference, pp. 167-173, 2008. Abstract
Lucas, J., R. P. McMahan, R. Engle, D. Bowman, W. Y. Thabet, S. Schafrik, and M. Karmis, "Improving Mining Health and Safety Through Conveyor System Training in a Virtual Environment", First International Future Mining Conference, pp. 161-166, 2008.
Polys, N., D. Brutzman, A. Steed, and J. Behr, "Future Standards for Immersive: Report on the IEEE VR 2007 Workshop", IEEE Computers Graphics & Applications, vol. 28, no. 2, 2008. Abstract
2007
Ball, R., C. North, and D. Bowman, "Move to Improve: Promoting Physical Navigation to Increase user Performance with Large Displays", ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), April, 2007.
Wang, Y., D. Krum, E. Coelho, and D. Bowman, "Contextualized Videos: Combining Videos with Environment Models to Support Situational Understanding", IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (Proceedings of IEEE Visualization), vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1568-1575, Nov/Dec, 2007.
Bowman, D., and R. McMahan, "Virtual Reality: How Much Immersion is Enough?", IEEE Computer, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 36-43, 2007.
Polys, N., S. Kim, and D. Bowman, "Effects of Information Layout, Screen Size, and Field of View on User Performance in Information-Rich Virtual Environments", Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds (Extended version of VRST 2005 paper), vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 19-38, 2007.
Bowman, D., and P. Schuchardt, "The Benefits of Immersion for Spatial Understanding of Complex Underground Cave Systems", Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 121-124, 2007.
Ray, A., and D. Bowman, "Towards a System for Reusable 3D Interaction Techniques", Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 187-190, 2007.
Bowman, D., B. Badillo, and D. Manek, "Evaluating the Need for Display-Specific and Device-Specific 3D Interaction Techniques", Proceedings of Virtual Reality International Conference (in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4563), pp. 195-204, 2007.
McMahan, R., and D. Bowman, "An Empirical Comparison of Task Sequences for Immersive Virtual Environments", Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces, pp. 25-32, 2007.
Polys, N. F., S. Kim, and D. A. Bowman, "Effects of Information Layout, Screen Size, and Field of View on User Performance in Information-Rich Virtual Environments", Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 19-38, 2007. Abstract
2006
Wang, Y., K. Otitoju, T. Liu, S. Kim, and D. Bowman, "The Effect of Gaps Between Displays on Spatial Perception and Cognition Tasks in Virtual Environments", International Journal of Virtual Reality, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 33-41, 2006.
Bowman, D., J. Chen, C. Wingrave, J. Lucas, A. Ray, N. Polys, Q. Li, Y. Haciahmetoglu, J. Kim, S. Kim, et al., "New Directions in 3D User Interfaces", International Journal of Virtual Reality, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 3-14, 2006.
Schafer, W., and D. Bowman, "Supporting Distributed Spatial Collaboration: An Investigation of Navigation and Radar View Techniques", Geoinformatica, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 123- 158, 2006.
Wang, Y., K. Otitoju, T. Liu, S. Kim, and D. Bowman, "Evaluating the Effect of Real World Distraction on User Performance in Virtual Environments", Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 19-26, 2006.
McMahan, R., D. Gorton, J. Gresock, W. McConnell, and D. Bowman, "Separating the Effects of Level of Immersion and 3D Interaction Techniques", Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 108-111, 2006.
Ray, A., J. Decker, S. Vardakos, M. Murphy, D. Bowman, M. Gutierrez, M. Mauldon, J. Dove, and E. Westman, "A Virtual Environment for Visualizing Fractures During Tunneling", Proceedings of the 41st U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, 2006, pp. 12 pgs, 2006.
Ni, T., D. Bowman, and J. Chen, "Increased Display Size and Resolution Improve Task Performance in Information-Rich Virtual Environments", Proceedings of Graphics Interface, pp. 139-146, 2006.
Wingrave, C., Y. Haciahmetoglu, and D. Bowman, "Overcoming World in Miniature Limitations by a Scaled and Scrolling WIM", Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces, pp. 11-16, 2006.
Chen, J., and D. Bowman, "Effectiveness of Cloning Techniques for Architectural Virtual Environments", Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality, pp. 103-110, 2006.
Kopper, R., T. Ni, D. Bowman, and M. Pinho, "Design and Evaluation of Navigation Techniques for Multiscale Virtual Environments", Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality, pp. 175-182, 2006.
Bowman, D., A. Ray, M. Gutierrez, M. Mauldon, J. Dove, E. Westman, and M. Setareh, "Engineering in Three Dimensions: Immersive Virtual Environments, Interactivity, and 3D User Interfaces for Engineering Applications", Proceedings of ASCE GeoCongress, pp. 17 pgs, 2006.
Gutierrez, M., D. Bowman, J. Dove, M. Mauldon, and E. Westman, "Adaptive and Real- Time Geologic Mapping, Analysis, and Design of Underground Space (AMADEUS)", Proceedings of ASCE GeoCongress, pp. 6 pgs, 2006.
Decker, J., A. Antony, A. Ray, S. Vardakos, M. Murphy, M. Mauldon, J. Dove, M. Gutierrez, D. Bowman, and E. Westman, "An Integrated Relational Database for Tracking Rock Mass Data During Tunneling", Safety in the Underground Space - Proceedings of the ITA-AITES 2006 World Tunnel Congress and 32nd ITA General Assembly, pp. 6 pgs, 2006.
Bowman, D., J. Chen, C. Wingrave, J. Lucas, A. Ray, N. Polys, Q. Li, Y. Haciahmetoglu, J. Kim, S. Kim, et al., "New Directions in 3D User Interfaces", International Journal of Virtual Reality, vol. 5, pp. 3-14, 2006. Abstract
2005
Setareh, M., D. Bowman, and A. Kalita, "Development of a Virtual Reality Structural Analysis System", Journal of Architectural Engineering, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 156-164, 2005.
Setareh, M., D. Bowman, A. Kalita, M. Gracey, and J. Lucas, "Application of a Virtual Environment System in Building Sciences Education", Journal of Architectural Engineering, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 165-172, 2005.
Schafer, W., and D. Bowman, "Integrating 2D and 3D Views for Spatial Collaboration", Proceedings of GROUP 2005, pp. 41-50, 2005.
Polys, N., S. Kim, and D. Bowman, "Effects of Information Layout, Screen Size, and Field of View on User Performance in Information-Rich Virtual Environments", Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 46-55, 2005.
Narayan, M., L. Waugh, X. Zhang, P. Bafna, and D. Bowman, "Quantifying the Benefits of Immersion for Collaboration in Virtual Environments", Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 78-81, 2005.
Bowman, D., D. Raja, J. Lucas, and A. Datey, "Exploring the Benefits of Immersion for Information Visualization", Proceedings of HCI International, pp. 10 pgs, 2005.
Wingrave, C., and D. Bowman, "Baseline Factors for Raycasting Selection", Proceedings of Virtual Reality International, pp. 10 pgs, 2005.
Lucas, J., J. Kim, and D. Bowman, "Resizing Beyond Widgets: Object Resizing Techniques for Immersive Virtual Environments", Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), pp. 1601-1604, 2005.
Wingrave, C., R. Tintner, B. Walker, D. Bowman, and L. Hodges, "Exploring Individual Differences in Raybased Selection: Strategies and Traits", Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality, pp. 163-170, 2005.
Bowman, D. A., E. Kruijff, J. LaViola, and I. Poupyrev, 3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice, , Boston, Addison-Wesley Professional, 2005.
2004
Raja, D., D. Bowman, J. Lucas, and C. North, "Exploring the Benefits of Immersion in Abstract Information Visualization", 8th International Immersive Projection Technology Workshop, Iowa State, May, 2004.
Polys, N., D. Bowman, C. North, R. Laubenbacher, and K. Duca, "PathSim Visualizer: an Information-Rich Virtual Environment Framework for Systems Biology", Proceedings of ACM Web3D Symposium, pp. 8 pages, April, 2004.
Polys, N., M. Moldenhauer, A. Ray, C. Dandekar, C. North, and D. Bowman, "Snap2Diverse: Coordinating Information Visualizations and Virtual Environments", Proceedings of SPIE Visualization and Data Analysis (VDA), pp. 12 pages, January, 2004.
Polys, N., and D. Bowman, "Design and Display of Enhancing Information in Desktop Information-Rich Virtual Environments: Challenges and Techniques", Virtual Reality, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 41-54, 2004.
Schafer, W., and D. Bowman, "Evaluating the Effects of Frames of Reference on Spatial Collaboration in Desktop Virtual Environments", Virtual Reality, vol. 7, no. 3-4, pp. 164-174, 2004.
Mackie, C., J. Cowden, D. Bowman, and W. Thabet, "Desktop and Immersive Tools for Residential Home Design", Proceedings of CONVR Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, pp. 63-70, 2004.
Shiratuddin, M., W. Thabet, and D. Bowman, "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Virtual Environment Displays for Reviewing Construction 3D Models", Proceedings of CONVR Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, pp. 87-98, 2004.
Chen, J., D. Bowman, J. Lucas, and C. Wingrave, "Interfaces for Cloning in Immersive Virtual Environments", Proceedings of the Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments, 2004.
Chen, J., P. Pyla, and D. Bowman, "Testbed Evaluation of Navigation and Text Display Techniques in Information-Rich Virtual Environments", Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality, pp. 181-188, 2004.
Polys, N. F., D. A. Bowman, and C. North, "Information-Rich Virtual Environments: Challenges and Outlook", NASA Virtual Iron Bird Workshop, NASA Ames, http://ic.arc.nasa.gov/vib/index.php, 2004. Abstract
Polys, N. F., and D. A. Bowman, "Desktop Information-Rich Virtual Environments: Challenges and Techniques", Virtual Reality, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 41-54, 2004. Abstract
2003
Bowman, D., C. North, J. Chen, N. Polys, P. Pyla, and U. Yilmaz, "Towards Usable and Effective Information-Rich Virtual Environments", ACM Virtual Reality Software and Technology 2003, September, 2003.
Schafer, W., and D. Bowman, "A Comparison of Traditional and Fisheye Radar View Techniques for Spatial Collaboration", Proceedings of Graphics Interface, pp. 39-46, 2003.
Cowden, J., D. Bowman, and W. Thabet, "Home Design in an Immersive Virtual Environment", Proceedings of CONVR Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, pp. 1-7, 2003.
Larimer, D., and D. Bowman, "VEWL: A Framework for Building a Windowing Interface in a Virtual Environment", Proceedings of INTERACT: IFIP TC13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, pp. 809-812, 2003.
Bowman, D., M. Setareh, M. Pinho, N. Ali, A. Kalita, Y. Lee, J. Lucas, M. Gracey, M. Kothapalli, Q. Zhu, et al., "Virtual-SAP: An Immersive Tool for Visualizing the Response of Building Structures to Environmental Conditions", Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality, pp. 243-250, 2003.
Pinho, M., D. Bowman, and C. Freitas, "Cooperative Object Manipulation in Immersive Virtual Environments: Framework and Techniques", Proceedings of ACM Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 171-178, 2003.
2002
Bowman, D., C. Wingrave, J. Campbell, V. Ly, and C. Rhoton, "Novel Uses of Pinch Gloves™ for Virtual Environment Interaction Techniques", Virtual Reality, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 122-129, 2002.
Setareh, M., and D. Bowman, "Application of Virtual Environments for the Study of Building Structures Subjected to Earthquake Excitations", International Journal of Design Computing, vol. 5, 2002.
Bowman, D., J. Gabbard, and D. Hix, "A Survey of Usability Evaluation in Virtual Environments: Classification and Comparison of Methods. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 404-424, 2002.
Terriberry, T., D. Cox, and D. Bowman, "A Tool for the Interactive 3D Visualization of Electronic Structure in Molecules and Solids", Computers and Chemistry, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 313-319, 2002.
Bowman, D., A. Datey, Y. Ryu, U. Farooq, and O. Vasnaik, "Empirical Comparison of Human Behavior and Performance with Different Display Devices for Virtual Environments", Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, pp. 2134-2138, 2002.
Bowman, D., C. Rhoton, and M. Pinho, "Text Input Techniques for Immersive Virtual Environments: an Empirical Comparison.", Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, pp. 2154-2158, 2002.
of the on Environments, P. E. W. V., Towards Preferences in Virtual Environment Interfaces, , pp. 63-72, 2002.
Thabet, W. Y., M. Shiratuddin, and D. A. Bowman, "Virtual Reality in Construction: A Review", Engineering Computational Technology, Stirling, Scotland, Saxe-Coburg, pp. 25-52, 2002.
Bowman, D. A., "Principles for the Design of Performance-Oriented Interaction Techniques", Handbook of Virtual Environments, Mahwah, New Jersey, Lawrence-Erlbaum, pp. 277-300, 2002.
2001
Broll, W., L. Schaefer, T. Hoellerer, and D. Bowman, "Interface with Angels: The Future of VR and AR Interfaces", IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 14-17, 2001.
Bowman, D., D. Johnson, and L. Hodges, "Testbed Evaluation of Immersive Virtual Environments", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 75-95, 2001.
Bowman, D., E. Kruijff, J. LaViola, and I. Poupyrev, "An Introduction to 3D User Interface Design", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 96-108, 2001.
Bowman, D., and C. Wingrave, "Design and Evaluation of Menu Systems for Immersive Virtual Environments", Proceedings of IEEE Virtual Reality, pp. 149-156, 2001.
Setareh, M., D. Bowman, and P. Tumati, "Development of a Collaborative Design Tool for Structural Analysis in an Immersive Virtual Environment", Proceedings of the International Building Performance Simulation Association Conference, pp. 6 pgs, 2001.
Bowman, D., C. Wingrave, V. Ly, and J. Campbell, "Using Pinch Gloves for Both Natural and Abstract Interaction Techniques in Virtual Environments", Proceedings of the HCI International Conference, pp. 629-633, 2001.
Wingrave, C., D. Bowman, and N. Ramakrishnan, "A First Step Towards Nuance-Oriented Interfaces for Virtual Environments", Proceedings of the Virtual Reality International Conference, pp. 181-188, 2001.
2000
Kessler, G., D. Bowman, and L. Hodges, "The Simple Virtual Environment Library: An Extensible Framework for Building VE Applications", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 187-208, 2000.
1999
Bowman, D., E. Davis, A. Badre, and L. Hodges, "Maintaining Spatial Orientation during Travel in an Immersive Virtual Environment", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 618-631, 1999.
Bowman, D., J. Wineman, L. Hodges, and D. Allison, "The Educational Value of an Information-Rich Virtual Environment", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 317-331, 1999.
Bowman, D., D. Johnson, and L. Hodges, "Testbed Evaluation of VE Interaction Techniques", Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 26-33, 1999.
1998
Bowman, D., J. Wineman, L. Hodges, and D. Allison, "Designing Animal Habitats Within an Immersive VE", IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 9-13, 1998.
Bowman, D., L. Hodges, and J. Bolter, "The Virtual Venue: User-Computer Interaction in Information-Rich Virtual Environments", Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 478-493, 1998.
Bowman, D., D. Koller, and L. Hodges, "A Methodology for the Evaluation of Travel Techniques for Immersive Virtual Environments", Virtual Reality: Research, Development, and Applications, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 120-131, 1998.
1997
Bowman, D., and L. Hodges, "Toolsets for the Development of Highly Interactive and Information-Rich Virtual Environments", The International Journal of Virtual Reality, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 12-20, 1997.
Allison, D., B. Wills, D. Bowman, J. Wineman, and L. Hodges, "The Virtual Reality Gorilla Exhibit", IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 30-38, Nov/Dec, 1997.
Bowman, D., D. Koller, and L. Hodges, "Travel in Immersive Virtual Environments: An Evaluation of Viewpoint Motion Control Techniques", Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Anuual International Symposium, pp. 45-52, 1997.
Bowman, D., and L. Hodges, "An Evaluation of Techniques for Grabbing and Manipulating Remote Objects in Immersive Virtual Environments", Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, pp. 53-58, 1997.
1996
Bowman, D. A., "Conceptual Design Space: Beyond Walk-through to Immersive Design", Designing Digital Space: An Architect’s Guide to Virtual Reality, New York, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 225-236, 1996.